This measures free beta-hCG, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), inhibin-A and unconjugated estriol (uE3) (see Serum markers for Downs syndrome, below).They are written by UK doctors and based on research evidence, UK and European Guidelines.You may find the Downs Syndrome article more useful, or one of our other health articles.In this article Pre-screening discussion Pre-screening probability Downs syndrome screening Screening methods The evidence base for the screening tests Screening for Downs syndrome in multiple pregnancy The future In This Article Prenatal Screening for Downs Syndrome In this article Pre-screening discussion Pre-screening probability Downs syndrome screening Screening methods The evidence base for the screening tests Screening for Downs syndrome in multiple pregnancy The future It is important to emphasise that the decision to have any form of screening should be an informed one.
Some people may decide against having diagnostic testing or even screening for Downs syndrome when offered the choice. It is important that appropriate information, counselling and support accompanies testing and screening. Maternal Down Syndrome Screening How To Treat CoronavirusTrending Articles Coronavirus: how quickly do COVID-19 symptoms develop and how long do they last 1 COVID-19: how to treat coronavirus at home 2 Coronavirus: what are asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 3 What are the differences between colds, flu and COVID-19 4 What your vaginal odour could mean 5 Coronavirus: what are moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 6 Quiz: Am I pregnant 7 Quiz: Am I depressed 8 What causes vaginal odour after sex 9 The best way to treat a herpes outbreak 10 Whats causing your pelvic pain 11 Why you constantly need to pee 12 Gallstones diet sheet 13 Quiz: Do I have diabetes 14 Quiz: When will I get my first period 15 Are we any closer to a coronavirus vaccine 16 Quiz: Do I have OCD 17 How to treat constipation and hard-to-pass stools 18 COVID-19 coronavirus: what is an underlying health condition 19 When to worry about spots on the penis 20 What could be causing your pins and needles 21 What causes head pressure and brain fog 22 Are any coronavirus home remedies safe or effective 23 Does diabetes increase your risk of coronavirus 24 Can women take Viagra 25 When to worry about night sweats 26 When should you worry about neck pain 27 Is it safe to delay your period for your holiday 28 Is losing your sense of taste and smell a symptom of coronavirus 29 IBS diet sheet 30 Pre-screening discussion Women should be given information regarding Downs syndrome screening at their first appointment with a healthcare professional. This should include: Balanced and accurate information about Downs syndrome. An explanation of the risk score obtained following screening. The screening pathway and next steps for screen-positive and screen-negative results, including information about the decisions that need to be made at each step and their consequences. Information about amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. Pre-screening probability The risk of Downs syndrome varies with maternal age 1: 1:1,500 at 20 years. The risk also increases after a previously affected pregnancy: With regular trisomy 21, the recurrence risk is 0.75 at 12 weeks; 0.42 during the middle trimester and 0.34 at term 2. Following trisomy due to a translocation, the recurrence risk is dependent on the type of translocation and which partner carries the translocation. Downs syndrome screening All women, regardless of age, are offered screening for Downs syndrome. There is at present some variation in the type and timing of the screening tests used in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales 3, 4, 5, 6. The aim of this screening programme is to identify those women at a higher risk of having a baby with Downs syndrome and to offer them diagnostic testing using either chorionic villus sampling (if less than 13 weeks of gestation) or amniocentesis (if beyond 15 weeks of gestation). These procedures carry a risk of miscarriage (0.5-1 excess miscarriage risk for amniocentesis; 1-2 for chorionic villus sampling). Women found to be carrying a baby with Downs syndrome will be offered expert counselling and support, they may be offered a termination of pregnancy or they may choose to continue with the affected pregnancy with support. The challenge of a prenatal screening programme is to identify women in whom a risk of Downs syndrome is sufficiently high to justify such an invasive test and to minimise the risk of miscarrying a healthy baby. Screening methods There are two methods of screening for Downs syndrome: serum screening and ultrasound screening (nuchal translucency). These can be used in combination (the combined test) 7: The blood sample can be taken from the mother between 10 weeks and 14 weeks 1 day of pregnancy. The ultrasound scan can be carried out between 11 weeks 2 days and 14 weeks 1 day of pregnancy. The serum screen measures free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) (see Serum markers for Downs syndrome, below). If a woman books later in pregnancy (when nuchal translucency is not as accurate, or if it is not technically possible to measure it) the quadruple test can be taken between 14 2 to 20 0 weeks of gestation.
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